For a variety of reasons, designers often discover that their creations need yet more power-supply voltages. For example, a system powered by ±2.5V power supplies suddenly needs a precision –1.4V ...

Industrial manufacturers must often attempt to forecast equipment requirements when installing a new system or building a new factory. Projecting communication ...

CMOS voltage reference circuits are integral to modern electronic systems, providing a stable and reproducible voltage that underpins the performance of myriad integrated devices. These circuits ...

Fig 1. Voltage references are vital components in applications like cell basestations to provide reliable levels to both the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) ...

Voltage references are available with fixed and adjustable reference voltage outputs. Adjustable output is set by a resistor divider connected to a reference pin. These references are either shunt ...