Have you ever experienced unexpected droop when you’ve plotted out the frequency response of a signal processing system when you expected that the frequency response would be flat (or at least, ...

Most oscilloscopes are fitted with filters to help improve measurement by reducing overall noise in an acquisition to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Even the most basic oscilloscopes include an ...

One way that Audioholics have presented on-axis and off-axis frequency responses in our loudspeaker reviews are through waterfall plots. Wikipedia defines a waterfall plot as: “a three-dimensional ...

What is a transfer function? How to implement a Laplace transform in LTspice. Analyzing transfer functions in the frequency and time domains. Looking at compensator design in LTspice. Transfer ...

How do you know if a speaker is any good? The answer should be obvious. If you like the way it sounds, then it is good. I’m not here to tell you what you like doesn’t actually sound good. But I am ...

The author is technical publications manager and a senior technical writer at Audio Precision in Beaverton, Ore. When reduced to its basics, the process of audio test and measurement is concerned with ...

Let’s start our expla nations of loudspeaker measurement graphs with the most basic graph of a speaker’s behavior: the frequency response. Sometimes this is referred to as the amplitude response as ...