Human activity has lessened the resilience of modern coral reefs by restricting the food-fueled energy flow that moves ...

Fossil fish ear stones reveal that today’s coral reefs have shorter food chains and less diversity than ancient reefs before human impact.

Coral reefs are undoubtedly in crisis. Scientists have documented concerning coral bleaching events, dramatic declines in coral cover, fish and shark populations across the Caribbean over recent ...

Understand the order of the food chain and trophic levels.