For nearly a century, scientists have understood how crystalline materials—such as metals and semiconductors—bend without breaking. Their secret lies in tiny, line-like defects called dislocations, ...

In graphite, the bulk material most closely related to graphene, basal-plane dislocations have been well known since the early 1960s 15. The dissociation of perfect basal-plane dislocations into pairs ...

The diagram shows the effect of 'sliding' an Edge (a), Screw (b), or Mixed (c) dislocation completely across a slip plane in the crystal. Each dislocation has the same effect as it moves completely ...

Jogs and kinks are atomic scale changes in direction of a dislocation line. Jogs are out of the slip plane and kinks lie in the dislocations slip plane. For the edge dislocation shown, the jogs are of ...