The limited access afforded to circuit nodes by PCBs densely populated with tiny components seriously challenges traditional PCB test strategies. But while optical and x-ray inspection can help fill ...

Various techniques—ranging from x-ray and optical inspection through functional electrical test—have emerged to shorten time to market and reduce test costs while maintaining thorough fault coverage.

Test engineers have a variety of options for testing printed-circuit boards—ranging from in-circuit testers to the latest in embedded-instrument technology. Despite the decline of PCB physical access ...

For testing PCBs, test engineers have a variety of options ranging from venerable in-circuit testers and flying probers to functional testers and the latest in embedded-instrument technology.

[Hans Summers] runs a site qrp-labs.com, selling self-assembly kits mostly for radio gear and GPS applications, and had some production problems with his QCX-mini QRP transceiver kit. They were using ...