The earliest business computer systems developed in the 1950s demonstrated their efficiency by processing records in large batches. In the 1960s, equipment makers introduced interactive terminals, ...

Batch process manufacturers are continuously looking for new ways to improve processes and production techniques and to be more efficient to remain competitive. Although manufacturers see new ...

Companies choose manufacturing processes -- such as job order, batch process, assembly line and continuous process -- based in part on the level of product individualization allowed. Manufacturers use ...

In batch processing, if costs are not isolated, high-volume customers and products tend to subsidize lower-volume ones. This article reviews different types of batch activities and how they would be ...

Both batch execution systems (BES) and manufacturing operations management (MOM) systems have been defined by mature Instrument Society of America (ISA) standards, but they are not always viewed in ...

Pharmaceutical manufacturing has traditionally been performed using batch process techniques. Batch processes have been proven over many decades of use, but can have shortcomings when it comes to ...

A photo of technicians working in front of a process train. Novartis's continuous manufacturing center in Basel, Switzerland, replicates an end-to-end manufacturing process developed at the ...

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Toby Walters is a financial writer, investor, and lifelong learner. He has a passion for ...

In any solar cell process, the metallization step is critical as it often sets conditions and limitations for the other process steps. The main metallization technique used today in Si solar cell ...